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Abstract Two-dimensional membranes have gained enormous interest due to their potential to deliver precision filtration of species with performance that can challenge current desalination membrane platforms. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) laminar membranes have recently demonstrated superior stability in aqueous environment to their extensively-studied analogs graphene-based membranes; however, challenges such as low ion rejection for high salinity water, low water flux, and low stability over time delay their potential adoption as a viable technology. Here, we report composite laminate multilayer MoS₂membranes with stacked heterodimensional one- to two-layer-thick porous nanosheets and nanodisks. These membranes have a multimodal porous network structure with tunable surface charge, pore size, and interlayer spacing. In forward osmosis, our membranes reject more than 99% of salts at high salinities and, in reverse osmosis, small-molecule organic dyes and salts are efficiently filtered. Finally, our membranes stably operate for over a month, implying their potential for use in commercial water purification applications. 

Abstract In contrast to sequence‐specific techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing does not require prior knowledge of the sample for surveying DNA. However, current sequencing technologies demand high inputs for a suitable library preparation, which typically necessitates DNA amplification, even for single‐molecule sequencing methods. Here, electro‐optical zero‐mode waveguides (eZMWs) are presented, which can load DNA into the confinement of zero‐mode waveguides with high efficiency and negligible DNA fragment length bias. Using eZMWs, highly efficient voltage‐induced loading of DNA fragments of various sizes from ultralow inputs (nanogram‐to‐picogram levels) is observed. Rapid DNA fragment identification is demonstrated by burst sequencing of short and long DNA molecules (260 and 20 000 bp) loaded from an equimolar picomolar‐level concentration mixture in just a few minutes. The device allows further studies in which low‐input DNA capture is essential, for example, in epigenetics, where native DNA is required for obtaining modified base information. 

Abstract Current sulfide solid‐state electrolyte (SE) membranes utilized in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASLBs) have a high thickness (0.5–1.0 mm) and low ion conductance (<25 mS), which limit the cell‐level energy and power densities. Based on ethyl cellulose's unique amphipathic molecular structure, superior thermal stability, and excellent binding capability, this work fabricates a freestanding SE membrane with an ultralow thickness of 47 µm. With ethyl cellulose as an effective disperser and a binder, the Li₆PS₅Cl is uniformly dispersed in toluene and possesses superior film formability. In addition, an ultralow areal resistance of 4.32 Ω cm⁻²and a remarkable ion conductance of 291 mS (one order higher than the state‐of‐the‐art sulfide SE membrane) are achieved. The ASLBs assembled with this SE membrane deliver cell‐level high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 175 Wh kg⁻¹and 675 Wh L⁻¹, individually.